Online Base64 Encoder

I have 3 questions about base64:

1) The base64 encoding purpose is binary-to-text. Isn't text going to be sent through web as binary? Then what is good for?

2) In past they used 7-bit communication systems, now it's 8-bit. Then why we still using it now?

3) How it increases the size? I just take 3-bytes with 28-bit and rearrange them to 4-bytes of 6-bit but in total they still 28-bit?

I'd like to write a T-SQL query where I encode a string as a Base64 string. Surprisingly, I can't find any native T-SQL functions for doing Base64 encoding. Does a native function exist? If not, what's the best way to do Base64 encoding in T-SQL?

The following piece of code runs successfully on a python 2 machine:

base64_str = base64.encodestring('%s:%s' % (username,password)).replace('\n', '')

I am trying to port it over to Python 3 but when I do so I encounter the following error:

>>> a = base64.encodestring('{0}:{1}'.format(username,password)).replace('\n','')Traceback (most recent call last):  File "/auto/pysw/cel55/python/3.4.1/lib/python3.4/base64.py", line 519, in _input_type_check    m = memoryview(s)TypeError: memoryview: str object does not have the buffer interfaceThe above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:Traceback (most recent call last):  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>  File "/auto/pysw/cel55/python/3.4.1/lib/python3.4/base64.py", line 548, in encodestring    return encodebytes(s)  File "/auto/pysw/cel55/python/3.4.1/lib/python3.4/base64.py", line 536, in encodebytes    _input_type_check(s)  File "/auto/pysw/cel55/python/3.4.1/lib/python3.4/base64.py", line 522, in _input_type_check    raise TypeError(msg) from errTypeError: expected bytes-like object, not str

I tried searching examples for encodestring usage but not able to find a good document. Am I missing something obvious? I am running this on RHEL 2.6.18-371.11.1.el5

Does node.js have built-in base64 encoding yet?

The reason why I ask this is that final() from crypto can only output hex, binary or ascii data. For example:

var cipher = crypto.createCipheriv('des-ede3-cbc', encryption_key, iv);var ciph = cipher.update(plaintext, 'utf8', 'hex');ciph += cipher.final('hex');var decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv('des-ede3-cbc', encryption_key, iv);var txt = decipher.update(ciph, 'hex', 'utf8');txt += decipher.final('utf8');

According to the docs, update() can output base64-encoded data. However, final() doesn't support base64. I tried and it will break.

If I do this:

var ciph = cipher.update(plaintext, 'utf8', 'base64');    ciph += cipher.final('hex');

Then what should I use for decryption? Hex or base64?

Therefore, I'm looking for a function to base64-encode my encrypted hex output.

Base64 encode can be achieved by

$ echo Some_data_to_be_converted | base64U29tZV9kYXRhX3RvX2JlIF9jb252ZXJ0ZWQK

And Base64 decode can be achieved by

$ echo U29tZV9kYXRhX3RvX2JlIF9jb252ZXJ0ZWQK | base64 -dSome_data_to_be_converted

1. How to achieve Base64URL encode/decode?

2. Is it just enough to replace "+" with "-" and "/" with " _" ?

3. When to do the padding "#"(adding/remove "#" to be considered )?