I am trying to convert a decimal number to hex decimal and then to bytes.

for example if i want to convert decimal number 5 to bytes. i use

def decimal_to_hexadecimal(dec):     decimal = int(dec)     return hex(decimal)id = decimal_to_hexadecimal(5)

this gives hexadecimal representation of 5 i.e 0x5

Now i convert it to bytes using

id_bytes = bytes([0x5])

This works fine but i have to manually feed the hex decimal. so when i try this

equipmentID = int(equipmentID)equipmentID_hex = hex(equipmentID)equipmentID = bytes(equipmentID_hex)

It gives an error

TypeError: string argument without an encoding

Can someone help me with this.

Thanks

Intro

I have some input that I need to convert to the correct Chinese characters but I think I'm stuck at the final number to string conversion. I have checked using this hex to text converter online tool that e6b9af corresponds to the text 湯.

MWE

Here is a minimal example that I made to illustrate the problem. The input is "%e6%b9%af" (obtained from an URL somewhere else).

#include <iostream>#include <string>std::string attempt(std::string path){  std::size_t i = path.find("%");  while (i != std::string::npos)  {    std::string sub = path.substr(i, 9);    sub.erase(i + 6, 1);    sub.erase(i + 3, 1);    sub.erase(i, 1);    std::size_t s = std::stoul(sub, nullptr, 16);    path.replace(i, 9, std::to_string(s));    i = path.find("%");  }  return path;}int main(){  std::string input = "%E6%B9%AF";  std::string goal = "湯";  // convert input to goal  input = attempt(input);  std::cout << goal << " and " << input << (input == goal ? " are the same" : " are not the same") << std::endl;  return 0;}

Output

湯 and 15120815 are not the same

Expected output

湯 and 湯 are the same

Additional question

Are all characters in foreign languages represented in 3 bytes or is that just for Chinese? Since my attempt assumes blocks of 3 bytes, is that a good assumption?

Suppose I have this string

string str = "1234"

I need a function that convert this string to this string:

"0x31 0x32 0x33 0x34"  

I searched online and found a lot of similar things, but not an answer to this question.

I've got encrypted string (data)

data = “i]\rD\004\025\027\004_~\002\006`HZ@UBY\Ku\002O2\003_MQB\020\007G~\004Q”

and key (in hex)

key = “0x7f0b0014”

Plain text = key xor data

I tried to decrypt it in ruby,but i've failed below is the code of one of my try.

data = "i]\rD\004\025\027\004_~\002\006`HZ@UBY\\Ku\002O2\003_MQB\020\007G~\004Q"key = "7f0b0014"# key changed to an array with chars in int stored in new_keyp new_key = [key].pack("H*").split(//).each.map { |x|  x.ord } #pack("H*") used on array GIVES STRING FROM HEX #.each.map change every [value] of an array by value.ordp new_data = [data].pack("H*").split(//).each.map { |x| x.ord }nd = Array.newi,j = 0, 0 while i < new_data.length do  while j < new_key.length do    new_data[i] = new_data[i].to_i ^ new_key[j].to_i    j+=1  end  j=0  nd << new_data[i].chr  i+=1endp new_datap nd.join #OUTPUT = "M\xBD%\x14\x9EFaP\x8BL.HC\x96\xCBgn*"

I tried to:

• add a padding "000...." on the left of the key

• add a padding "....000" on the right of the key

• loop the key to the same lenght as data "7f0b00147f0b0014...7f0b0014"

The output should give me a some kind of a string in format "1227a5aa-ce82-4da8-9ba6-c49e809ba720".

Here is the working code, but key here was integer, not a string:

key = 52 # "R" data = "\005\006\006\003U\001UU\031WQ\f\006\031\000PU\f\031\rVU\002\031W\000\rQ\f\004\rVU\003\006\004"new_data = Array.newdata.split(//).each do |e|   new_data << (e.unpack("H*")[0].to_i(16) ^ key).chrendp new_data.join#OUTPUT "1227a5aa-ce82-4da8-9ba6-c49e809ba720"

I have ABC123EFFF.

I want to have 001010101111000001001000111110111111111111 (i.e. binary repr. with, say, 42 digits and leading zeroes).

How?